Types of cyclones

How is the classification of the cyclone

How many types of cyclones are there, and can they be used for mineral processing?

Cyclone is a common separation and classification equipment, widely used in mineral processing operations, such as non-ferrous metal grinding and classification operations, non-metallic ore grinding and classification operations, fine classification operations, tailings filling operations, tailings damming operations, raw ore desliming operations, etc.. All of these operations are not without the figure of cyclone. There are many types of cyclones, and we are going to learn more about them.

What is cyclone

Fluid cyclone is to use the working principle of centrifugal sedimentation. Separate the two-phase or three-phase mixed liquid with a certain pressure from the feed port tangential direction or involute into the cyclone, resulting in a strong three-dimensional elliptical strong rotational shear cyclone flow. Due to the particle size difference or density difference between coarse particles or heavy phase and fine particles or light items, most of the coarse particles or heavy phase rotate down to the bottom according to the spiral trajectory under the action of centrifugal force, centripetal force, buoyancy, fluid resistance, etc., and are discharged from the sand sink as sinking sand. Fine particles or light phases form in the center of the inner spiral mineral flow upward movement, as overflow from the overflow pipe discharge, so as to achieve the purpose of separation and classification. Cyclone is a high production, energy-saving separation equipment. It will gradually replace the work of spiral classifier.

How is the classification of cyclone

Types of cyclones

There are many types of cyclone, according to the construction section can be divided into a classification cyclone, two classification cyclone. According to the function can be divided into dewatering cyclone, de-slagging cyclone, tailings dry discharge special cyclone, concentration cyclone.

One-stage classifier cyclone

One-stage classifying cyclone is widely used in non-metallic ore beneficiation and various metal ores with a daily processing capacity of 500 tons or more, and forms a closed circuit grinding and classifying cycle with ball mill. Cyclones with different processing capacities can be arranged in single units or in groups. In the case of higher feed concentration, it has higher classification efficiency and finer overflow fineness, the overflow force promotes uniformity, and the efficiency of the divider is 5-10% higher than that of the commonly used spiral classifier, which is conducive to the improvement of the mill utilization factor.

Two-stage classifier cyclone

Two-stage classifying cyclone is generally two-stage check and is controlled classification. It is widely used in the second stage checking of various metallic and non-metallic ores. The specifications of cyclone are within 75mm to 660mm, which can be applied to the beneficiation requirements with different processing capacity and different requirements for grinding fineness. The special structure design of the cyclone allows the overflow fineness of the two-stage cyclone to be selected and adjusted arbitrarily between -200 mesh 75% and 95%.

Dewatering cyclone

Dewatering cyclone is mainly used for the dewatering operation of various mineral slurries. It can be designed with different structures according to different material characteristics and in different production installation environments, with lower pressure and larger processing capacity. Hydrocyclone is widely used in industry: non-metallic mining, mineral processing, coal washing plant, sewage treatment and other industries for clarification, concentration classification, desanding, desliming, dewatering, sorting, separation, etc.

De-slagging cyclone

Slag removal cyclone can effectively separate coarse sand, metal and other particle debris in the slurry, with the advantages of high slag removal efficiency and low loss of useful slurry. Widely used in power plant wet desulfurization, lime slurry, crude oil de-slagging, tap water de-sanding, sewage treatment, etc.

Special cyclone for tailing dry discharge

Tailings dry discharge cyclone changes the previous damming type discharge to dumpsite discharge, eliminating the tailings reservoir and reservoir water, avoiding, many accidents such as dam collapse and dam collapse, and improving safety. High economy, low investment cost. Simple management, easy operation, wide application, suitable for the concentration and dry discharge of tailings of various sizes and concentrations.

Thickening cyclone

Concentrating cyclone is seldom used alone, but usually used in conjunction with thickener and filter. It is mainly used in the concentration of various minerals before filtration, mineral fine grinding flotation, gold pulp cyanidation, etc. before the preparation of concentration operations. As well as in the operation of high concentration conveying in the tailings to achieve the concentration of the pulp.

Two use factors that affect the efficiency of the cyclone

In the production process of hydrocyclone, the factors that affect its working efficiency mainly include two aspects of material feeding parameters and overflow and sinking sand discharge methods. If you want to maintain the stable operation of the equipment, you need to operate the hydrocyclone familiar with these two aspects of reasonable operating skills, in daily production, to maintain the process operating parameters within a reasonable range, in order to effectively ensure the stable operation of the hydrocyclone.

The two factors affecting the efficiency of the cyclone are as follows.

The feeding pressure of the equipment and the concentration and particle size composition of the material.

The feeding pressure of the equipment mainly affects the processing capacity and classification size of the hydrocyclone. If the feed pressure increases, the pulp flow rate will be accelerated, the viscosity will be reduced and the hydrocyclone classification effect will be improved. In the treatment of coarse materials, most plants use 49-98KPa low pressure; while in the treatment of fine-grained and muddy materials, 98-294KPa high pressure is used.

And the concentration of the feed mineral material and its particle size composition will directly affect the concentration and particle size of the finished product, the coarser the grading size, the more mud or fine grain grade in the graded material, the higher the concentration of the feed mineral should be, the greater the viscosity of the pulp, and the coarser the particle size of the overflow product.

Overflow and sinking sand discharge mode.

The ideal working condition of hydrocyclone at work, the material should be sprayed out from the sinking sand in the form of umbrella, the umbrella angle should not be too large, to just be able to disperse as appropriate. When the hydrocyclone is used for concentration operation, the concentration is higher when the sands are discharged in rope form; when the hydrocyclone is used for dewatering operation, the sands are discharged in larger umbrella form, and the overflow contains less solids.

These are the two factors that affect the efficiency of hydrocyclone. However, it is worth noting that the hydrocyclone is affected by many aspects in production, and when the efficiency of the equipment decreases, we should make specific analysis according to the specific situation, and only through comprehensive consideration and close cooperation can we obtain the ideal efficiency.

Cyclone is widely used in mineral processing, high economy, low investment cost, simple management, easy to operate and other advantages. The above is about the content of the cyclone, the type of cyclone, can let you have a better understanding and understanding of the various types of cyclone products. If there is anything else you want to know about the equipment, you can give me a message!